南市难民区的建立和国际人道法的订立 | Establishment of the Nanshi refugee district and legislation of the international humanitarian law

提要:1937年11月9日至1940年6月30日，经天主教耶稣会士、法国神父饶家驹斡旋，在上海设立南市难民区。本文将阐述饶家驹如何用一连串善意的谎言,与中、日双方分别签订了一些不成协议的“协议”,并在此基础上创立难民区的经过。简介难民区概况。从外交、军事、宗教、国际人道主义运动、租界、日本国内思潮及饶家驹个人因素等角度分析为什么在“八•一三”淞沪酣战中，日、中及在沪的英、美、法等国都能同意设立难民区，特别是一个月后就制造了南京大屠杀的日军居然也能同意？剖析各方在道义和利害的两端经历了怎样的权衡？论述南市难民区作为一个成功的救赎范例在国际人道法订立和人道主义救赎方面的意义。
关键词：饶家驹 难民区 国际人道法 耶稣会士

Abstract: With the mediation of French priest, Catholic Jesuits, Jacquinot, Nanshi refugee district was established and existed in Shanghai from 9th November 1937 to 30th June 1940. This article expounds the process of how Jacquinot signed irregular agreements with China and Japan using a series of white lies and established the refugee district based on these agreements. I introduces the overview the refugee district. This article analyses why forces of different countries in Shanghai, such as China, Japan, UK, USA and France, agreed to establish the refugee district based on factors such as diplomacy, military, religious, international humanitarian movement, concession, trend of thought in Japan and personal reasons of Jacquinot. Especially, I emphasises the reason why Japanese government signed the agreement during the “8.13” Battle of Shanghai and the Japanese troops would make Nanjing Massacre in one month time. I also analyses how different forces made their trade-off between moralities and benefits. Finally, I expounds the meaning of Nanshi refugee district as a successful case in the legislation of the international humanitarian law and humanitarian salvation.