明清之际天主教在华慈善救助事业初探 | Primary investigation of Catholic charity in China during Late Ming and Early Qing

摘要：明代万历年间，西方传教士又一次踏上东方大地，并掀起了中西交通史上的第二次文化交流高峰。这段历史在双方看来都具有承上启下的作用，传教士们不仅带来了新的宗教，还带来了对中国学术界产生重大冲击的西学知识。同时，我们还应注意到作为致力于传播福音的宗教，在其传播过程中，传教士及教会人士也做出了很多慈善救助事业，对中国近代社会影响深远，在人们的社会生活和社会变迁中扮演了不可或缺的角色。另外，身处中国的异国传教士在与本教人员进行交流，汇报中国教区情况时，多采取书信形式。这在客观上给我们留下了许多宝贵的文献资料，这些文献作为桥梁不仅向西方介绍了中国的特产、动植物、地理概貌、人民的日常生活等等，而且也记载了他们在华所展开的一系列慈善救助活动。本文旨在通过对彼时传教士的通讯集的考察，其中包括《耶稣会士中国书简集》、《中国来信》、《中国近事报道》等来梳理天主教在明清时期所做的慈善救助事业，其中包括了社会背景，救助对象，慈善事业分类，从而可以更深刻地研究基督宗教和中国社会文化的相互关系。

关键词： 慈善  基督宗教   通讯集

文章大纲：

第一部分：明清之际社会背景概况

第二部分：传教士通讯集介绍

第三部分：传教士在华慈善救助事业

第四部分：慈善活动的影响和评价

During the period of Wanli, western missionaries arrived in China again, and they also established the peak time of the second cultural communication between East and West. This history has played a role in connecting, not only because they bring the new religion here, but also the western knowledge taken with them shakes Chinese academic society greatly. At the same time, as a religion majoring in preach, we should notice that the missionaries and Christians have done a lot of charities during its propagation, which has a far-reaching influence to China, and plays an important part in people’s society life and society change. In addition, the missionaries in China used to write letters to communicate with their companions and also to report issues of China parish, so they left us lots of valuable documents. These documents introduce Chinese specialties, animals, plants, geography, and daily life etc to West. They record a series of charity activities in China as well. I want to comb the Catholic charity in China during Late Ming and Early Qing in this article, focusing on the missionaries’ letters of that time, such as Lettres edifiantes et curieuses, listy z Ciny，Nouveaux mémoires sur l’état présent de la Chine. etc. This article contains the society background, the objects, the classification of charity, which would help us to study profoundly the interaction between Christianity and Chinese culture.

Keywords:  charity    Christianity    letters

A general Outline

The first part：Overview the society background of Late Ming and Early Qing

The second part：Introduction of the missionaries’ letters

The third part: Catholic charity in China

The fourth part: The influence and evaluation of these charities