东汉魏晋南北朝宗教慈善的滥觞与发展|The origins and development of religious charity in the period of Eastern Han, Wei ,Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties

内容摘要：东汉魏晋南北朝是中国慈善史上的一个重要时期，佛教与道教的慈善思想、慈善活动均肇始于东汉。佛教经魏晋至南北朝，形成佛教发展的第一个高潮，佛教慈善亦逐步兴盛。佛教慈善思想以因果报应学说和慈悲观念为主，慈善活动范围宽广，涉及到慈善宣传、救济贫乏、施医恤病、赈济灾荒、建义井和救济狱囚等诸多方面。本土宗教道教也在魏晋南北朝时期进一步丰富发展，劝善去恶、救穷周急成为道教慈善的重要组成部分，但其影响不如佛教慈善思想。

关键词：东汉　魏晋南北朝　宗教　佛教　道教　慈善

The origins and development of religious charity in the period of Eastern Han, Wei ,Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties

Wang Wentao & Xu Xiuwen

Abstract：The Eastern  Han，Wei，Jin，Northern and Southern Dynasties are an important period in the history of China charity. Buddhist charity and charity Taoism originated in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Buddhism has formed the first climax of the development of Buddhism in the period of Wei,Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, Buddhist charity gradually flourishing too .The main contents of Buddhist charity thought is the retribution theory and the concept of mercy. Charitable activities range is very wide, involving charity propaganda, relief poor, medical aid, food relief, dig wells for everyone and relief the inmates etc.. As a native religion ,Taoism in Wei ,Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties has been further enriched and developed. Goodness preaching to evil, save the poor became important part of the charity of Taoism, but the effect is much smaller than the Buddhist charity .